Prevalence of Citrobacter in patients with complaint of urinary tract infection.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69926/3wyve073Keywords:
UTI, Antibiotic susceptibility, Citrobacter spp.Abstract
Background:
Citrobacter, a genus within the Enterobacteriaceae family, is considered as an opportunistic pathogen and has been implicated as a causative agent of hospital (nosocomial) and community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) among immuno-compromised patients and neonates.
Aim:
- To determine the prevalence of Citrobacter species in patients with complaint of urinary tract infections.
- To determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Citrobacter species isolated in patients with UTI.
Material and methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, samples of patients who were visiting the Microbiology Laboratory of Shalamar Hospital Lahore from January 2021 to December 2022 were included. Isolates were identified using standard isolation methods, and antibiogram was done by using Kirby–Bauer diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
Results:
A total of 7074 urine samples were received in the Microbiology laboratory of Shalamar Hospital for culture and sensitivity. Out of all the samples, 1979(28%) cultures were positive for bacterial growth. The isolation rate of Citrobacter spp was 1%(63) and non-Citrobacter spp. was 27%(1916), in which 35(55.6%) were females and 28(44.4%) were males with female to male ratio of 1.25:1. Antibiogram revealed that effective agent against Citrobacter spp. isolates was amikacin(90.5% sensitive), followed by meropenem (90%),and imipenem (89%).
Conclusion:
The prevalence of Citrobacter as a UTI causing agent was significant and its resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has emerged, making it an emerging nosocomial pathogen. Strict adherence to infection control protocols and avoidance of unnecessary instrumentation was recommended.
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