TRANSIENT BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION SECONDARY TO ACUTE HEPATITIS A: A CASE REPORT

Abstract

Introduction

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is primarily known for its hepatic manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to severe fulminant hepatitis with potential mortality. However, HAV can also cause extrahepatic complications, including significant haematological and renal issues. Despite the recognition, the incidence and clinical impact of these manifestations, such as bicytopenia and acute kidney injury (AKI), is underexplored. This case report highlights these complications and updates their incidence, providing invaluable insights for both specialists and general practitioners.

Case Presentation

A 23-year-old male with a 2-week history of fever, jaundice, oliguria, and gastrointestinal symptoms presented after consuming street food. He was initially treated with fluids, transfusions, acetaminophen, and corticosteroids but was referred to us due to worsening symptoms. Laboratory findings revealed elevated liver enzymes,  bicytopenia, and AKI. Treatment with haemolysis, blood transfusions, and supportive care led to remission within 2 weeks.

Discussion

This report describes a case of acute hepatitis A with rare complications of bicytopenia and AKI. Bicytopenia, likely due to bone marrow suppression, and AKI, exacerbated by dehydration and hyperbilirubinemia, were successfully managed with supportive care. Hemodialysis and blood transfusions resolved these issues, underscoring the importance of early recognition and supportive treatment in severe hepatitis A cases.

Conclusion

This case is a rare example in the literature that can enhance awareness of the diverse complications associated with hepatitis A, particularly its link to bicytopenia and AKI.